Population…A Problem That Most of the World Simply...

Population†¦A Problem That Most of the World Simply Disregards There are over Six Billion people inhabiting the planet earth today and that number is growing. â€Å"In the six seconds it takes you to read this sentence, eighteen more people will be added† (Ehrlich 9). The total population of the World, projected on October 23, 2001 at 6:28:09 pm GMT was 6,181,600,089 people (U.S. Bureau of the Census). Each hour there are 11,000 more mouths to feed; each year more than 95 million. Nevertheless, the world has hundreds of billions fewer tons of topsoil and hundreds of trillions fewer gallons of groundwater with which to grow food crops than it had in 1968. Millions of people every year are dying because they are not getting enough†¦show more content†¦They are linked â€Å"to food-production statistics, to the prospect of a billion or more deaths from starvation and disease, and to the possible dissolution of society as we know it† (Ehrlich 11). Our planet is overcrowded, we have too many people and that affects both our ecosystem, economic system, and how our society runs. Nature has it’s own way of eliminating a problem, and it’s problem is people. We’re causing the problem for ourselves. We created global warming because we emit too many CFC’s into the atmosphere by driving gas-guzzling vehicles, and not monitoring our industrial output. We’ve created huge holes in our protective ozone, which then cause droughts and crop failures that may lead to premature deaths of a billion or more people in the next decade. In addition to more frequent and more severe crop failures, projected consequences of the warming include coastal flooding, desertification, the creation of as many as 300 million environmental refugees (Menk 34), alteration of patterns of disease, water shortages, and general stress on natural ecosystems. AIDS may have existed for thousands of years, but because people are in constant contact with hundreds of other people, the disease has spread like a wildfire killing hundreds of millions. Maybe this is nature’s way of wiping out our surplus. People need to realize that a more humane way of reducing our abundance is to use birth control! There are huge numbers of religious and cultural oppositionsShow MoreRelatedPoverty And Diverty839 Words   |  4 PagesThe topic of poverty courses through political rhetoric as a hot button economic issue. However, very few who speak on the dilemma analyze the humanity of the issue. Yes, poverty is an economic problem, but its effects are not solely fiscal. For many it is easy to ignore the emotional aspect of the issue- desperately low annual incomes posted in a report on poverty fail to invoke the same empathy as personal stories about those afflicted. In his book, Evicted, Matthew Desmond purports that povertyRead MoreEssay on Sustainability1473 Words   |  6 Pagestheory, a realization comes across: that ideas drive society. The key premise is that some values of our society must be altered in order to avert catastrophic con sequences. The way of life in developed countries is the origin of many of our most serious problems(Trainer, 1985). Because developed countries have high material living standards and consume massive quantities of all resources, hundreds of millions of people in desperate need must go without the materials and energy that could improveRead MoreConsequences of the Juvenile Justice System1136 Words   |  5 PagesThe Consequences of Consequences In 2007, there were 60,500 youth incarcerated in America. Those numbers made America number one, with the highest incarcerated youth in the world, by five times the amount of the next country! (Mendell, page 1) Media creates a generalized focus on negative behavior, while we need to be encouraging youth’s positive behavior. We have to remember criminals start off as eager children that are ready to learn. They need to be taught positive behaviors. As we look intoRead MoreOverpopulation Is Still The Problem1201 Words   |  5 PagesIn the article Overpopulation Is Still the Problem, Alon Tal (2013) claims that overpopulation remains the number one problem facing the world today and discusses various problems and possible solutions. Tal unveils the falsely assuring news stories refuting overpopulation as a problem. He particularly dissects Ellis Erle’s assertions, in the New York Times, concerning China’s seemingly magical works of technology. Erle comes to the co nclusion that China’s amazing technology has and will always beRead MorePlanet Earth : An Overview : Humanity Is Going Under810 Words   |  4 Pagesdeadly price, even the meal that you ate a while ago, or maybe are eating right now has lead just a little bit more to world destruction. Important topics like global warming, over population, over food production, sea levels rising, coral reefs dying, and our forests nearly going extinct all branches from one thing societies mistakes and ignorance. The massive growth of over population over the past couple of centuries has to been very visible since there’s less people dying, smaller amount of warsRead MoreSin Tax: Why The Government Should Tax Unhealthy Drinks1274 Words   |  6 PagesLike most college students I do not eat healthy. So that is why I always choose to buy snacks because it is way more convenient and way more affordable it is basically a cheaper alternative. But unfortunately, Unhealthy eating has had a g reat big impact on society today. With Obesity and diabetes rates rising many lives are being taken. So due to this, our government would like to add a â€Å"Sin Tax† this is where the government adds an amount to unhealthy food items. Our national obesity problem bringsRead MoreThe Between Men And Women1056 Words   |  5 PagesStates, there is no escape from the claims of inequality between men and women. Most would say without hesitation that women have disadvantages compared to men. However, these issues, while very real, aren’t as bad as they are made out to be. In fact, women have it pretty good, their place in society by now established. The arguments of equal rights, in order to support certain views, almost always completely disregard a group that falls into neither of the aforementioned categories. This group, ofRead MoreThe Purpose of Criminal Law846 Words   |  4 Pagescrimes against property or persons. In the modern world, there are three choices in dealing with criminals’ namely criminal punishment, private action and executive control. Although both private action and executive control are advantageous in terms of costs and speed, they present big dangers that discourage their use unless in exceptional situations. The second purpose of criminal law is to punish the offender. Punishing the offender is the most important purpose of criminal law since by doingRead MoreAmerica Is A Great Nation959 Words   |  4 Pagesdisplaced because of the massive problems lying in their political system (Adely). An estimated 200,000 have been killed by the fighting, excluding the death toll from other related factors such starvation and lack of medicine and treatment (Dahi 45). This has prompted the UN to declare Syria a Level 3 emergency, the highest level emergency in the UN system (Dahi 45). The severity of the situation is blatantly extreme, and as the most powerful country in the world, it is immoral to consider theseRead MoreChildren Of The Dragon : China s One Child Policy1298 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Dragon: China’s One-Child Policy The earth’s growing population is a global concern. Both developed and third-world countries, are experiencing shortages of food, water and access to adequate healthcare. Although the poorest are hardest hit, even powerful countries like the United States and Great Brittan have been affected. Recent shortages of medication and fuel are contributing to speculation and concern. Governments the world over are turning to alternative energy and sustainable living

Keeping The Minimum Legal Drinking Age - 2656 Words

Walking In a Straight Line Writer Dedel Kelley said, â€Å"The proportion of underage youth who drink has not changed significantly over the past decade in the United States. Indeed, if anything, they are starting to drink at a younger age, and their drinking patterns are becoming more extreme.† Keeping the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) at twenty-one or lowering it to the age of eighteen has been a continuous issue in the United States. People, mostly adolescent teenagers, say it should be lowered because if one is able to vote at the age of eighteen, they should also be allowed to drink. Sure, when a seventeen-year-old turns eighteen they are considered an adult, but age does not define maturity; just because they would be classified as an adult does not mean they can be responsible and handle alcoholic beverages like a parent, for example. The legal drinking age should remain at twenty-one and should not be lowered to the age of eighteen because people who are eighteen y ears old and younger are still juvenile. If the legal drinking age were to be lowered to eighteen, teenagers put society at risk because most will go behind the wheel while under the influence of alcohol; they are not only putting society at risk but also themselves because they could start an early binge drinking habit and affect their health. Drinking generally increases in popularity amongst teenagers each year, which fuels the controversial issue of lowering the drinking age to eighteen or keeping itShow MoreRelatedKeeping the Minimum Legal Drinking Age1283 Words   |  6 Pagesthe minimum legal drinking age in the United States or not. Many Americans forbid the idea of legalizing the drinking age so that it would be profitable to the businesses. Likewise, there have been many advantages and disadvantages of why should the government allow young adults drink under the age of 21. To prevent this issue, many Americans have provided reasoning that will support the idea of keeping the minimum legal drinking age where it is now. The government should maintain the minimum legalRead MoreMinimum Legal Drinking Agre1173 Words   |  5 PagesThe legal age of adulthood in the United States for most purposes is 18. At the age of 18, a person enters the realm of adulthood and is assigned the rights and responsibilities associated with this legal status. For example, an 18 year old can legally sign a contract and is bound by the terms and conditions of the contract. An 18 year old can marry without parental consent, serve on a jury, and vote in state and federal elections. An 18 year old who is charged with a crime is not tried in theRead MoreKeeping The Minimum Drinking Age864 Words   |  4 Pages Keeping the Minimum Drinking Age In 1984, the United States’ federal government passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act. Under this act, the federal government gives highway funds to States that forbid people under the age of twenty-one years old from â€Å"purchasing or publicly possessing alcoholic beverages†(23 U.S.C.  § 158). The incentive created a sense of a standardized minimum drinking age when legally there cannot be a federal minimum drinking age. Even though this Act has been in effectRead MoreShould The Minimum Drinking Age Be Lowered?1138 Words   |  5 Pagesquestion whether drinking should be lowered to eighteen or not? Citizens have gave details regarding the affirmative and negative views of the minimum drinking age be lowered to eighteen. Do you think that it is wise to lower the minimum age? Would you look at the negative and positive impacts? Is it more important to give our citizens these full rights? Currently, in the United States the legal drinking age is twenty-one. Bu t as we all know many teenages are involved in underage drinking. But the mainRead MoreKeeping The Minimum Drinking Age880 Words   |  4 Pages Keeping the Minimum Drinking Age In 1984, the United States’ federal government passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act. Under this Act, the federal government gives highway funds to States that forbid people under the age of twenty-one years old from â€Å"purchasing or publicly possessing alcoholic beverages†(23 U.S.C.  § 158). The incentive created a sense of a standardized minimum drinking age despite the fact that legally there cannot be a federal minimum drinking age. Even though this ActRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Of The United States1479 Words   |  6 Pages The legal drinking age in the United States has been argued for many decades. The current minimal legal drinking age is twenty-one but some want to lower between eighteen and twenty. The main focus of the research conducted and opinions of people are based on the minimal legal drinking age of eighteen. The research is taken from the 1970s, when the twenty-sixth Amendment was passed in the Constitution (Wagenaar, 206). It was stated that eighteen is the â€Å"age of majority†, so thirty-nine of theRead MoreLegal Drinking Age : Should It Be Altered?1408 Words   |  6 Pages Legal Drinking Age: Should It Be Altered? The legal drinking age has been an ongoing controversy for decades, consisting of people who are for lowering, raising, or keeping the age with multiple reasons behind each side. It is commonly known that consuming alcohol can have life-threatening effects on the human body, but these effects can be much harsher at a younger age. Reducing the age for eighteen year olds may result in senseless acts from the drug. Statistics prove that maintainingRead MoreLowering the drinking age: Increasing their Lifespan1058 Words   |  5 PagesBefore the year of 1975, the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) was set at eighteen. It wasn’t until 1984 when the National Minimum Drinking Age Act was passed which required the States to set the MLDA at twenty-one causing no one under the age of twenty-one to be able to consume or purchase alcohol. States that did not comply faced a reduction in highway funds under the Federal Highway Aid Act. Many can argue that ever since the drinking a ge was set at a higher age limit, there have been less reportsRead MoreThe Effects Of Lowering The Drinking Age1426 Words   |  6 Pages underage drinking is perhaps one of the most controversial topics of our generation. Why do our young people disobey this law? Are they lost? Who will answer the call of the lost? Having the age to drink legally at the age of 21 may seem like it would never be disobeyed; however, over time, underage drinking has become more and more prevalent. In today’s society, a few choice young people have grown to control the desire to break the law to consume alcohol while at the appropriate age. However,Read MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered988 Words   |  4 PagesThe Legal Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered There are copious amounts of people who believe that the legal drinking age should be lowered to eighteen. Others think the drinking age needs to remain the same. A few of those also conclude the legal age of adulthood should be raised to 21. The belief is if the adolescent brain has not matured enough to support alcohol use by age 21, it cannot make the responsible decisions required at 18 years of age. Voters should make the decision to

Behavioral trend- Adolescent rebellion Free Essays

Throughout generations, adolescent behavioral trend has been a matter of concern for families and schools. Their rebellious attitude has drawn attention of many psychologists. Usual defiance includes mood swings, disobedience, anger, criticism, disagreement, and harmful habits like smoking, drugs. We will write a custom essay sample on Behavioral trend- Adolescent rebellion or any similar topic only for you Order Now Socioeconomic status of the youth is a major factor. The urge to be accepted by their peers, leads to comparison for equality. Peer pressure is perhaps the most vital and unavoidable element in adolescence. Columbia University Teachers Suniya S. Luthar and Nadia S. Ansary wrote following: In a comparative study of middle school students at the two socioeconomic extremes, Becker and Luther (2004) found that â€Å"good students† enjoyed high peer status in both suburban and urban settings; by contrast, it was only the high income youth who admired peers seen as â€Å"bad students†. Society which does not view teenagers as adults restricts their freedom, believing it to be in their best interest. Parents often believe that adolescents cannot make good decisions. This restriction of freedom leads to rebellious behavior. However, â€Å"a Cornwell study from 2006 determined that teens are more likely to consider risk while making a decision, and for a longer period of time, than adults† (Cornell University, 2006, December 12). Psychologist Laurence Steinberg says that a large factor in teenage rebellion is the natural early development of the socioemotional network. (Cited in Temple University, 2007) References Luthar,S. S. Ansary,N. S. (2005). Dimensions of adolescent rebellion. Development and Psychopathology, 10, 231-243. Steinberg,S (2007). Teenage rebellion and the socioemotional network. Science Daily. Retreived April 6, 2010 from www. sciencedaily. com How to cite Behavioral trend- Adolescent rebellion, Papers

Manufacturing Technology Journal Advanced -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Manufacturing Technology Journal Advanced? Answer: Introduction The main purpose of the report is to understand the different concepts of additive manufacturing or 3D printing, which is a new technology that is being increasingly used in different industrial sectors. This emerging psychology has brought a revolution in the manufacturing industry. 3D printing or additive manufacturing has offered a new paradigm in manufacturing industry by enabling the feature of customized printing. 3D printing, which is also known as additive manufacturing, offers a speedy and cost effective solution, thus adding a competitive advantage in the market. The report discusses the working principle of 3D printing or additive manufacturing. The report further discusses whether the 3D printing is suitable for high or low volume of production. With the increasing popularity and usage of 3D printing or additive manufacturing, the traditional manufacturing process has taken a backseat (Weller, et al., 2015). The report discusses the role of 3D printing in turning the trad itional manufacturing obsolete. The increase in the growth and popularity of 3D printing is largely because of reduced labour and cost requirement (Campbell, et al., 2011). The various functionalities of 3D printing are elaborated in the following paragraphs. 3D printing/Additive Manufacturing 3D printing is also known as additive manufacturing as the process includes development of a prototype by adding a preferred material or mould layer by layer. In simple words, 3D printing is a process of joining the different layers of materials, to develop a 3D model or structure, and hence the name. 3D printing makes use of a digital model as a guide to print a 3D structure if a particular design. The layer by layer addition is very quick for low volume production and therefore it is used in developing the concept models. Additive manufacturing is a process of manufacturing that combines a large number of minuscule layers in creating a particular product. This process is however very quick. The term 3D printing is used to refer the different types of additive manufacturing and hence it is known by the name of additive manufacturing as well (Chua Leong, 2014). Additive manufacturing differs from subtractive manufacturing through a large extent, as a model is built up by adding the materials layer by layer. The simple process of adding layers by layers in development of a model helps in manufacturing complex products with ease. Additive manufacturing therefore, refers to a process of manufacturing a three dimensional design or data by subsequent addition of layer of different material. Additive manufacturing is therefore used as a synonym of 3D printing. However, the term additive manufacturing is more appropriate to consider as it describes the manufacturing technique. This helps in distinguishing 3D printing from subtractive manufacturing (Weller, et al., 2015). 3D printing in high and low volume of production The process of 3D printing is most suited for low volume of production. The process of additive manufacturing makes even the complex-manufacturing simple. However, the process of 3D printing is economics and cost effective only for low volume production. Furthermore, the layer by layer addition of materials to develop a set structure is a time consuming work in case of large volume of production. One of the main constraints for small manufacturers is the budget allocated for a particular task (Mueller, 2012). 3D printing eliminates any extra cost by reducing the number of labours and time required for completion of a project. However, in case of a large volume of production, it becomes extremely difficult to follow this process due to a time constraint. 3D manufacturing optimizes the low volumes production as the traditional manufacturing methods such as injection modelling is very expensive. Therefore, it can be said that 3D printing is a growing opportunity for low volume of production. 3D printing is increasing used in modelling of engineering and architectural works and finds extensive usage in chemical industry and in building medical implants as well. 3D manufacturing however has a capability and potential to be used in high volume of production as well (Kietzmann, et al., 2015). Situations in which 3D printing is valuable 3D printing was initially developed for rapid prototyping. However, in course of time, it found its application in rapid manufacturing as well. 3D printing has various applications in different business sectors including engineering, food, chemistry and medicine (Suchubert , et al., 2014). The medical application of 3D printing is rapidly expanding and has numerous application in healthcare sector. It is used in developing hearing devices, dentistry, surgery and medical devices. This incurs a high value in medical applications. The different application of 3D printing in medicine includes customized implants and prosthetics (Ventola, 2014). Furthermore, researches are laid on application of 3D printing in bioprinting. Apart from this, 3D printing can be potentially used for bringing revolutionary changes in the field of healthcare such as in development of surgical cuttings and drill guides, orthopaedic implants and prosthetics. Therefore, it can be said that 3D printing is most valuable for its application in the healthcare (Gibson, et al., 2014). Apart from this, the other applications of 3D printing include structuring complex components for aerospace, automotive and chemical industry. 3D printing has varied application in research industry as well. Researchers use 3D printing in crafting prototypes required for the research. 3D printing has further revolutionized the architecture industry as well. 3D printed houses and building nowadays have become a trend. Therefore, it can be seen that 3D printing has a wide range of application across the different business sectors. Forecast by investment firms With the growing demand and use of 3D printing, the investment firms are keen on integrating 3D printing or additive manufacturing in their business. A 2010 Ganter report identified the 3D printing technology as a transformational technology in the Trigger phase hype cycle (Campbell, et al., 2011). The recent reports and This can trigger the investment firms in taking active interest in this technology to enhance their business processes. This is the reason for which the 3D printing has emerged over broad range of industries in recent times. Researches prove that different companies have capitalized on the products made by integration of 3D printing by taking a manufacturing based approach. 3D printing in making traditional manufacturing obsolete With the increasing use of 3D printing, the traditional manufacturing has taken a back seat. This is because, the technology of 3D printing provides a cost effective solution in a much less time. The process of 3D printing provides some unique advantages over traditional manufacturing (Vaezi, et al., 2013). One of the major advantages of additive manufacturing is that it prevents wastage of materials, as it is a resource efficient approach. The traditional manufacturing methods such as injection mould on a contrary require extra material to fill the mould. Therefore, it is observed that the additive manufacturing process produce much less waste than traditional manufacturing (Lipson Kurman, 2013). Furthermore, the additive manufacturing helps in easy prototype production as it has become very easy to develop a prototype in hours with the help of 3D printing. Therefore, the 3D printing is preferably used for prototyping instead of traditional manufacturing (Berman, 2012). Furthermore , the 3D printing technology allows higher degree of customization of products and development of complex structure that is not possible with traditional manufacturing. Additive manufacturing promotes development of innovative products and increases the speed of marketing new products. The process of traditional manufacturing is complex and time consuming and therefore, there is a high possibility of traditional manufacturing getting obsolete with the advent of additive manufacturing. Furthermore, in the prototypes developed with traditional manufacturing, it becomes very difficult to rework on the same. On the other hand, rework on the prototypes developed with 3D printing is much easier as in case of a rework, a new prototype can be built quite efficiently and in a very less time. Although the use of 3D printing is preferable in rapid prototyping, it is not suitable for high volume manufacturing. This is because, the layer by layer addition of materials becomes very difficult and time consuming for high volume of production. Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion, it can be concluded that 3D printing is a technology that has varied usage in the different industrial sectors. The different application of 3D printing is discussed in the report. The report evaluates whether additive manufacturing is suited for high and low volume of production. 3D printing is more suitable for low volume of production due to its speed and efficiency. The report further discusses the possibility of 3D printing or additive manufacturing in making the traditional manufacturing obsolete. Although there is an increasing use of additive manufacturing in prototyping, it will take a huge amount of time to replace the process of traditional manufacturing completely. Recommendation 3D printing should be increasingly used in prototyping as it provides a cost effective solution. Small and medium sized manufacturers can integrate the process of 3D printing in their business in order to save time and money in prototyping. Further studies and researchers are required in order to completely replace the process of traditional manufacturing by 3D printing References Berman, B., 2012. 3-D printing: The new industrial revolution. Business management horizons. Business horizons, Volume 55(2), pp. 155-162. Campbell, T., Williams, C., Ivanova, O. Garrett, B., 2011. Could 3D printing change the world. Technologies, Potential, and implications of Additive manufacturing. Atlantic Council, Washinton,DC. Chua, C. Leong, K., 2014. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING: Principles and Applications (with Companion Media Pack) of Rapid Prototyping.. s.l.:World Scientific Publishing Co Inc.. Gibson, I., Rosen, D. Stucker, B., 2014. Additive manufacturing technologies: 3D printing, rapid prototyping, and direct digital manufacturing.. s.l.:Springer.. Kietzmann, J., Pitt, L. Berthon, P., 2015. Disruptions, decisions, and destinations: Enter the age of 3-D printing and additive manufacturing.. Business Horizons,, 52(2), pp. 209-215. Lipson, H. Kurman, M., 2013. . Fabricated: The new world of 3D printing. s.l.:John Wiley Sons. Mueller, B., 2012. Additive manufacturing technologiesRapid prototyping to direct digital manufacturing. Assembly Automation, , 32(2). Suchubert , C., Van Langeveld, M. Donoso, L., 2014. Innovations in 3D printing: a 3D overview from optics to organs. British journal of ophthalmalogy, Volume 98(2), pp. 159-61. Vaezi, M., Seitz, H. Yang, S., 2013. . A review on 3D micro-additive manufacturing technologies. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,, pp. 1721-175467(5-8). Ventola, C., 2014. Medical appliations or 3D printing: current and projected uses. Pharmacy and Theraeurics. Volume 39(10), p. 704. Weller, C., Keeer, R. Piller, F., 2015. Economic implications of 3D prnting: marketing structure models in light of additive manufacturing revisited. International journal of production economics,164, pp. 43-56. Wong, K. Hernandez, A., 2012. A review of additive manufacturing.. ISRN Mechanical Engineering, 2012..

, we have approached the Technological Revolution. Essays

, we have approached the Technological Revolution. Essays , we have approached the Technological Revolution. This high-tech revolution has brought with it many changes that will inevitably effect every world citizen. It is not quite clear at this time exactly what these changes will be and what resulting effects they will have upon society, but by studying the previous, or Industrial, revolution, it is possible to make predictions about the sweeping changes that the Technological Revolution will bring with it. During the Industrial Revolution in turn of the century America, one of the most prominent trends throughout the country was the relocating of independent artisans and farmers to large industrialized cities in hopes of finding work. As the next revolution approaches, the exact opposite effect will take place. The population that relocates out of large cities will most likely move into suburbs of the cities they have just left, because, even though they do not need to live very near to their place of employment, it is still more convenient to be located somewhere near it. This is mainly due to the improved transportation and communication that the Technological Revolution is bringing with it. It is no longer required for workers to live near their place of work because of the automotive vehicles we have in America, and our communication systems which allow employers to contact their employees quickly and over great distances. The most common type of work available during the Industrial Revolution was manual labor factory jobs. In the third wave of history, the careers that will be most popular among American citizens will be ones which involve the processing and distributing of information. Due to the type of labor most utilized in the Industrial Revolution, the most valued worker was one who was physically strong and was able to work over long periods of time. In the Technological Revolution, the most valued workers will be those....

The Funeral †A Short Story

The Funeral – A Short Story Free Online Research Papers He sat there, a picture of age and death, his massive head lying on his withered shoulders. His nose, once sharp and elegant, was now bulbous. His eyes were reduced to liquid pools, clouded with confusion. Strands of wispy white hair stood on his head. Tom held a pensive expression on his face as he sat on the armchair looking forlornly at the blue-laced precious moments photo album. The photo album, although plain and simple, held fond and precious memories for the old loving couple. As he flipped through pages after pages, memories of the past reeled like a film in his mind. From the beginning of their relationship, where sparks flew endlessly, he never thought he could ever love someone so deeply. Never. Even now that she was gone, their love was not dead yet. Her departure had not made any difference in his love for her. All around him, copious cries of sadness from family and friends were overwhelming. Yet, he seemed indifferent to everything, totally withdrawn into a world of his own†¦ â€Å" I am sorry.† These were the three cold, hard and merciless words the doctor had slammed right into Tom’s face when he came out of the operation theatre. Although short and simple, those words had magnified to be louder than anything else he had ever heard and at that moment, everything seemed to come to a halt. â€Å"How could it be† Tom was angst-stricken and devastated. Immense grief paralyzed him. His wife, Mary, had been diagnosed with the second stage of cancer last month. She only consented to undergo the operation after much persuasion from Tom and the doctor. Tom had told her that her worries were uncalled for as the success rate was ninety percent. She was not going to die. They would fulfill their promises of staying together forever. Alas, the unexpected happened. She never managed to step out of the operation theatre alive. Their dream of a sedentary and happy life was crushed Tom realized the exact scene that had taken place only a few hours ago vividly. But it already seemed like forever. He continued reminiscing about the past of Mary and him as he flipped to the last page of the photo album. Suddenly, Tom’s daughter sensed that something was amiss. Tom had not moved an inch for the past hour. She moved towards her father and started nudging him. â€Å" Dad? Dad!† She exclaimed. Tom did not stir the least bit. He had breathed his last while the rest of the family and friends were still crying copiously, mourning over the loss of their beloved Mary. The next day, the funeral was held. Both Tom’s and Mary’s photos were placed on the altar, and their bodies placed next to each other in a specially customized coffin. Tom had joined Mary in the Netherworld on the same day. Even till death, they would never be apart. The promise remained intact. Written by rachel koh rz Research Papers on The Funeral - A Short StoryThe Hockey GameLifes What IfsThe Spring and AutumnThe Fifth Horseman19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraHip-Hop is ArtHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoWhere Wild and West MeetMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product

Smallpox Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Smallpox - Essay Example Even when not fatal, the disease can cause significant disfigurement and scarring. It was once the scourge of mankind, wreaking havoc across the European continent for centuries. Fortunately, modern medicine has determined the variola virus to be the only known cause of smallpox, making it possible to contain the illness by eliminating the variola virus. Uncontrolled, a smallpox outbreak can be expected to infect approximately 30 percent of those individuals exposed to it. Approximately 30 percent of these can be expected to die from the infection. The potential of the illness for use as a biological weapon has been proven in the past with its introduction to the ‘new continent’ and its use in decimating the American Indian tribes while more recent research suggests it retains a highly dangerous potential in the modern world setting. According to Henderson (et al, 1999), â€Å"researchers estimate that only 10-100 virus particles are necessary to infect someone† w hile inoculation supplies and efforts are insufficient to meet the challenge. An understanding of the history of the illness illustrates the importance for the nation’s healthcare workers to be familiar with the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment, prevention efforts and gaps in information regarding this illness. For centuries, the smallpox virus plagued mankind, regularly decimating populations in Europe and Asia as the virus was passed from person to person throughout the world on a continuous basis. Smallpox does not survive in animals nor is it known to be a carrier disease, in the sense that individuals might carry the illness without suffering its ill effects, so it can only survive as long as there are humans to suffer from it and more humans for these to pass it along to. With all the devastation that the illness caused, it wasn’t until 1796 before the first experimental vaccine against the illness was

Qantitive Analisis for Managers Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Qantitive Analisis for Managers - Research Paper Example 1(B)-: We are told that it would be desirable to make at least 1.5% of the cost of the construction of the venue back in profit from the tickets Let's charge due to above condition = p Total Construction Cost Activity Predecessor Week Cost Initial Cost Weekly Total Cost A. Design and drawing of plans - 16.00 50 0 50 B. Approval of design by the local Council A 13.00 0 0 0 C. Removal of debris etc.from site - 19.00 2 12 230 D. Offite construction of foundations - 13 14 10 144 E. Delivery of materials and equipment to site C 4.00 27 6 51 F. Building the foundations and basic structure C,D 21.00 0 14 294 G. Completion of the building work B,E,F 11.00 0 12 132 H. Installation of wiring, plumbing and other essential works F 15.00 0 8 120 I. Painting and installation of furniture, seating, etc. G,H,J 11.00 0 6 66 J. Publication and approval of plans by IOC A 8.00 2 0 2 Total 1089 1.5 % of Total construction cost = 1.5 X 1089 /100 = 16.335 So, 16.335 = p x 500 - (3571.12 + (500 x 1.86)) Ticket Charge (p) = 9.03 2(A)-: Break even point according to Regression Method Break even Point = Fixed cost /( Unit Price - Variable Unit Price) = 3784.53 /( 9 - 1.71) = 519.14 Percentage to Capacity = (Break even point / Capacity) x 100 = (519.14 /12000) x 100 = 4.32 % 2 (B)-: We are told that it would be desirable to make at least 1.5% of the cost of the construction of the venue back in profit from the tickets Let's charge due to above condition = p Total Construction Cost Activity Predecessor Week Cost Initial Cost Weekly Total Cost A. Design and drawing of plans - 16.00 50 0 50 B. Approval of design by the local Council A 13.00 0 0 0 C. Removal of debris etc.from...highest and lowest level of activity to calculate the cost function. But its reliability is not very high due to considering of less sample data. However it is more consistent than visual fit and easy to use. The regression analysis is a statistical technique that uses all observations to determine the cost function. It provides a best fit estimation model. Reliability of model can be used to consider the usefulness of model. It can incorporate multiple independent variables. So, Regression analysis is more accurate because in this method the deviation in data points and cost line is minimized as much as possible. Also this method makes use of all data and has statistical properties that allow us to make predictions and draw inferences (Langfield, Thorne and Hilton). However it is more complex to use and requires more expertise to be used.

Recidivism Rates and Trends Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Recidivism Rates and Trends - Research Paper Example He/she is supposed to be convicted again. Another reason for re-imprisonment results from the violation of parole or supervision practices as set out in the policies. Recidivism rate can be reduced by a successful integration of inmates into the society after their release from prison. According to the president of John Jay College of Criminal Justice, Jeremy Travis, reintegration entails the connection of released prisoners and the community and the families they are returning to. According to the Second Chance Act of 2007, the released prisoners have the same right as the general population with regard to accessibility of social and economic resources and the exercise of their civil rights like voting and should not be victimized or discriminated. Support of the re-entering inmates by the broader community enhances their integration into the community smoothly. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, (2000), it is estimated that about 1600 state and federal prisoners are released into the community in a day. Though the prisoners anticipate this day when they get their freedom back, most of them are faced with immense challenges of living in liberty in the streets after moving out of prison. Challenges faced by re-entering prisoners are caused by lack of proper integration mechanisms of the prisoners back in the society especially for those who have spent a lot of years in prison. Such prisoners have been detached from the community and are not prepared for their life back in the society. Stigmatization of ex-convicts poses problems of getting employment, housing and rejection from families and relative. Such people are more likely to engage in reoffending in substance abuse and inappropriate behaviors which affect the healthy life of the ex-convict and lead to rearrests. The cycles of removal and return of person in prison increase the costs of maintaining and running the correctional institutions which burden the public through tax (Beck, 2000).

The Playboy of the Western World Analysis

The Playboy of the Western World Analysis J.M. Synges highly controversial play The Playboy of the Western World exposed the middle-class Dublin audience to a different portrayal of Irish countryside life as opposed to the traditional idyllic image they were accustomed to. Synge strongly employs the element of satire in his play, implemented as a device to shock his conventional audience; the plays lack of morals would have offended the audience, so satire is also used to inject humour, creating a light-hearted tragicomedy. In pages 59 62 the presence of satire can be analysed in terms of satirising gender, religion and the presentation of rural Ireland, in addition to how satire is present throughout the entire play. Synge depicts Christy Mahon as a weak, frightened, young man at the beginning of the excerpt, whereas Pegeen is given a strong, almost masculine persona, protecting him from the Widows advances. When the Widow is introduced, the audience sees Christy clinging to Pegeen exclaiming Oh Glory! with Pegeen having to hurriedly give Christy his supper and usher him off to bed like a child. In this extract, the audience sees how Pegeen is given the protector role, exhibiting maternal instincts. In 1907, the satirising of gender roles shown with Synge giving more status to women than men would amuse the audience, as it conflicts with the traditional Irish patriarchal society. Christy is painted as the classic damsel-in-distress, with Pegeen having to fight the Widow, angrily telling her that she will not have him tormented, and he destroyed travelling since Tuesday was a week. Again it is evident that Christy is shying away from his expected male role, leaving Pegeen to defend him, amusing th e audience. When the Widow pulls Christy up, as theyd best be going, young fellow; so rise up and come with me, Pegeen retaliates by seizing his arm, insisting hell not stir. Christy has been compromised in terms of his masculinity; two women have physically placed their control over him, and Christy lacks the strength to disprove their control. This scene would have been very comedic, as not only are Pegeen and the Widow effectively having a brawl, a male associated activity, but Christy is helpless in the middle, like a female. Traditionally, it would have been the men who wooed the women, but Synge has ignored this, with Christy being rather violently wooed by Pegeen and the Widow, eliciting laughter from the audience, who would find the explicit use of satire highly amusing. Synge is presenting Christys essential emasculation, shown by reversing traditional gender roles. Later on in the play a mule race takes place; as D. P. Moran observes, the pursuit of physical-contact Gaelic games [was used as] an antidote to such emasculation. Christys partaking in the race shows how he used this opportunity to reassert his gender after feeling emasculated by Pegeen and the Widow. Throughout the excerpt from p.59-62, repeated references are made to religion, many in the form of Father Reilly, the local priest. Though he is not seen in the excerpt, his presence is acknowledged as he is partially why the Widow went to find Christy Mahon; when Pegeen asks her What ails you, or what is it youre wanting at this hour of the night? the Widow replies that she was after meeting Shawn Keogh and Father Reilly below, who told me of your curiosity man, and they fearing by this time he was roaring, romping on your hands with drink. The audience would not be surprised by Father Reillys attitudes, as in the 1900s Ireland was a devoutly Catholic nation, as Jane Abbottsmith explains The term Irish Irelander originated to characterize the true Irishman: Catholic and with Irish ancestry, learned in Irish folklore and competent in the speaking and reading of the Gaelic language. Abbottsmith continues to remark that it was the Irish peasants, who were the traditionally pious, Catho lic population that was well versed in Irish folklore. Though the 1900s audience would have expected the priests intervention, a modern audience would find it comedic how Pegeen being alone with Christy has prompted such a flustered reaction, suggesting Synges attitudes were ahead of his time. Irish society was devoutly religious, so the audience would have been surprised at how Father Reilly is the only religious character. The other characters do not seem to incorporate religion in their personas, shocking the audience. However, the only other character to be religious would cause offence: the Widow Quin remarks to Christ God save you mister! which is highly ironic as her intentions for him are far from holy. Seeing such a scandalized, predatory character using the Lords name would have undoubtedly offended the audience. The power of the Catholic Church is a running theme throughout the play, as Synge would be aware that his audience would compare what they see onstage to the Chur chs teachings. Therefore Synge has satirised religion to expose the absurdity of the extreme religious views in Ireland; a lack of religion in the other characters further show the audience how independent rural Ireland is from middle-class conventions. The portrayal of life in the Irish countryside was undoubtedly one of the main sources of controversy in the play. The middle class audience would have had the conception of rural Ireland employing a quiet, idyllic life however Synges play disproves this, county Mayo being the antithesis to their expectations. Christy is welcomed with open arms, despite the town knowing he murdered his father. As Adrian Fraser notes, The Playboy could be read as exploring a converse proposition: a communal willingness to absorb (even glorify) those who break the ultimate taboo against patricide. Christys glorification would greatly concern the audience, inducing outrage. By satirising countryside life, Synge was providing a social commentary on life in the isolated rural coast. However, Christy is later disgraced in the play, when the characters realise they have been deceived. When Pegeen tells of how the Widow supposedly murdered her husband, where she hit himself with a worn pick, and the rusted poison did corrode his blood the way he never overed it, and died after. That was a sneaky kind of murder did win small glory with the boys itself the audience would be shocked that such sin runs free in the countryside. As Fraser again writes, The Playboy of the Western World is a social satire of rural life that is fantastic, grotesque, and profound. At the plays conclusion, when Christy leaves Pegeen for his adventures, the audience would find humour at the contrast between their futures: Christy is off to live a life of excitement, whilst Pegeen is doomed to a fate of marrying Shawn and a dull life in County Mayo. The difference in their fates reinforces the plays status as a tragicomedy. Synge uses the element of satire in his play to expose to the middle class Dublin audience what life was like for the people of the countryside; the plays controversy stemmed from people disliking what they saw. By satirising gender roles, religion and the idyllic conception of Irish countryside life, Synge was effectively able to annul the pastoral sentiments felt towards them, illustrating to the middle class how independent rural Ireland was to the pretentious Dubliners. As Heidi Holder says Synge makes it quite clear to his audiences that their beloved image of the Irish country folk was a mere construction a construction eminently open to challenge, and it was precisely this dismantling of the distinctions between fiction and reality that was the source of Synges conflict with his audience.

Cannery Row :: essays research papers

Cannery Row is a relatively simple novel with basically little or no plot to it. Many critics are quick to call the novel trivial and second rate as compared with Steinbeck’s other works. However this book shows Steinbeck’s renewed interest in the comic portrayal of the basic, uncomplicated lifestyles of the working class. Steinbeck incorporates a few themes into the novel such as failure and historical themes like the depression era. The book is overall optimistic, but Steinbeck takes some off topic chapters to capture some of the darkness that happens within Cannery Row. The underlying story in Cannery Row is about Mack and the boys trying to hold a party for Doc. Mack and the boys are a group of unemployed men living together in the run down fish-meal shack. Doc is a very intelligent and caring man who runs a biological supply house. The boys set up a party at Doc’s place, but Doc is late to get there and the party ends without him there. The boys are upset about their failure. When Doc helps out their dog, the boys decide to hold another party for Doc. This time he is able to go to it and everyone has a good time. (sparknotes.com) Cannery Row does not have much of a plot, but it is still very active as a social document about the attitudes of society during the depression era of the 1930’s. Although the book was published after World War II had ended, it strongly suggests the depression period with both tone and spirit. The majority of the people in the novel are the unemployed are poverty stricken, but all are considered as the good people. There are also no antagonists in this novel, only people who tightly hold on to what they have, such as Lee Chong, and see everyone in distrust.

Representations of Either Male or Female Characters Essay

In the films I studied, (A clockwork Orange, From Russia with love, Carry on camping and a Hard days night) women are represented in similar ways but in very different circumstances. Firstly in A Clockwork Orange, women are seen as an objectified sexual obsession to the male gang. In almost every seen of the film women are presented in one way shape or form for example in the bar with the erotic, female shaped tables or the posters of women on the walls in Alex’s room. On the topic Kubrick has previously said â€Å"In the film, women are the ultimate harbingers of sexual desire, and it is only them who can suppress it. This power leaves the male ‘Droogs’ inwardly feeling threatened, which in part leads to cowardly rape.† I feel this quote explains the representation of females in the film perfectly as Alex, a man who feels he has great power over the rest of society, is surrounded by women and is always met with his sexual desire for them; Although the idea of sex in A Clockwork Orange is not an expression of love or intimacy, but rather an exhibition of power and violence. In this case Alex feels that to remain ‘powerful’ over everyone else he needs to use women as a object to satisfy his growing needs for power. In From Russia with Love, women are again seen as a object and are infamously named ‘the Bond Girls’ showing how in the larger scale there roles are minor compared to the ‘amazing’ Mr Bond. The opening title to the film shows barely clothed belly dancers dancing and parading there bodies to the Bond theme tune, showing how there bodies are more important then the woman herself. Throughout the film it is apparent that women are only good for a number of tasks: giving massages to the male characters, belly dancing and for casual sex and even then its when the man wants and not the woman. Despite this, in the film the female lead Tatiana played by Daniela Bianchi, shows woman’s slowly growing power and independence, for example Tatiana smoking representing the freedom that she perhaps now felt, although she is sitting down and Bond is standing over her, clearly in a position of more power. It is felt that the woman in the film are constantly being overlooked by men for example Tatiana killing the villain, which in normal circumstances would make her the ‘hero’ in the film, but this is undermined by the way Bond immediately takes the gun off her, as though it does not belong with her or she is not safe with it. In the film A Hard Days Night whenever the The Beatles perform, the members of the band are all distinguished as four individual, male characters. This massively contrasts with the role of women in the film, as there have been no main female characters; women are either portrayed as screaming, uncontrollable girls or again as sex objects. The idea behind this shows that women have no individuality in the film and are really only there to worship, flirt or to sexually satisfy the boys in the band. Finally the idea of women being perceived as objects is again mirrored in the final film Carry On camping, where the women are seen as objects for the men to flirt with and pursue in a sexual manner. Although Carry on camping differs from the previous films as there are several female characters which are seen to have hierarchy over certain male characters. For example the character Harriet Potter had the power in the relationship and often bossed her husband around in a comical manner. Overall in all the films it is obvious that women are often being represented as objects to satisfy mens needs and don’t serve a real purpose in any of the films and if they do it is only in a comical manner to retrieve laughter from the audience.

Tenants vs. Tenets

Tenants vs. Tenets Tenants vs. Tenets Tenants vs. Tenets By Maeve Maddox Both words, tenant and tenet, derive from the Latin verb tenere, â€Å"to hold,† but they are not interchangeable. A tenant is someone who rents or leases a house, apartment, etc. from a landlord. A tenet is a principle, dogma, belief, or doctrine generally held to be true. The following examples of misuse were gathered from sites that offer some kind of professional service: INCORRECT: Generally speaking, people dont know how to teach  leadership, but we can  teach  some  basic tenants.   CORRECT : Generally speaking, people dont know how to teach  leadership, but we can  teach  some  basic tenets.   INCORRECT: Simply put, the  basic tenants  of reading and writing are ignored.   CORRECT : Simply put, the  basic tenets of reading and writing are ignored.   INCORRECT: This course is designed to give the students an overview of the basic tenants of Christian Doctrine. CORRECT : This course is designed to give the students an overview of the basic tenets of Christian Doctrine. INCORRECT: Odierno told our staff about the three  basic tenants  he uses to lead the U.S. Army: competence, commitment  and character. CORRECT : Odierno told our staff about the three  basic tenets he uses to lead the U.S. Army: competence, commitment  and character. I did not find the opposite error in professional texts, but it is quite common in comments on sites related to renting. For example: INCORRECT: most importantly, stay informed about your rights as a  tenet. CORRECT : most importantly, stay informed about your rights as a  tenant. INCORRECT: [The rule is] never enforced, but it does give the owner of the property a pretty quick and easy way to remove troublesome tenets. CORRECT : [The rule is] never enforced, but it does give the owner of the property a pretty quick and easy way to remove troublesome tenants. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Capitalize Animal and Plant NamesIs There a Reason â€Å"the Reason Why† Is Considered Wrong?How Verbs Become Adjectives

Changes in Mrs. Mallard Essays

Changes in Mrs. Mallard Essays Changes in Mrs. Mallard Paper Changes in Mrs. Mallard Paper Name:Instructor: Course: Date: Changes in Mrs. Mallard â€Å"The Story of an Hour† was written by Kate Chopin and revolved around the changes that took place in the life of Louise Mallard, the wife of Brently, a man who was assumed dead but later turned out to be alive. After hearing the news of her husbands’ death, Louise Mallard underwent several psychological and physical changes in succession that will form the crux of the essay. In the narrative, Louise Mallard who was limited to the social traditions of the compliant wife, showed an unusual response to the loss of her spouse. Louise anticipated her newfound autonomy from the restraint of her husband. The physical, emotional and psychological changes are effectively analyzed. The issue of women liberation and independence emerged as a major element that will be elaborated upon further. Physical and Emotional Changes In the beginning of the story, Mrs. Mallard came out as an aged woman who was â€Å"†¦afflicted with a heart trouble†. Later in the eighth paragraph, the author again refers to her as a young woman with â€Å"†¦a fair, calm face whose lines bespoke repression.† After hearing the sudden death of her husband, several changes were witnessed physically. One, Louise Mallard was known to have a weak heart and therefore, could not handle any sudden or overwhelming emotion without suffering an injury. However, all of these weaknesses and fragility quickly change upon hearing that her husband was dead. Immediately, Louise transformed into a joyful bundle having optimistic and buoyant thoughts of freedom. She cheerfully commented, â€Å"There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.† It was highly possible that Louise’s heart conditio n was largely emotional and psychological rather than physical. Changes in Social Status It was quite interesting to note that the name was first mentioned after her husband’s death was announced. During this moment, Mrs. Mallard experiences complete freedom. Before the apparent loss, she was only mentioned as Mrs. Mallard, and even after her husband cam back home, the author referred to her as the â€Å"wife.† When Brently married Louise, her status was transformed to Mrs. Mallard. In the process, she lost her individuality and took up a different and strange identity. While it very ordinary and regular for a woman to adopt her husband’s name in matrimony and in that era, become his property, it cannot be assumed that a part of her was lost. When she hears of her husband’s death, a transformation occurs where she changes back to her initial self and not an extension of another man. During that era, the society was predominantly patriarchal and any elements of emotion, repression or disobedience that women experienced were overwhelmed by the need to be dutiful, loyal, obedient and content wives. Chopin states that Louise knew that he husband â€Å"†¦never looked at her save with love.† When the news that her husband had apparently died, Mrs. Mallard underwent a social change from a human being bound into an irreversible contract with a man into Louise, a woman who was free to make her own decision without the weight of social accountability to her husband bearing upon her. There is a strong sense of irony, surprise and unpredictable reactions and events that are exhibited by Louise Mallard when face with the possibility of being a widow. The unexpected reaction shown by Louise represents the mixed feeling that most married women harbor in their hearts. While it is obvious that any loving wife should mourn the death of their husband, most would automatically see the death as an opportunity to express their true selves as women. The short story touched on a global issue of women liberation and independence that was probably the rationale behind the overjoyed nature of Mrs. Mallard after hearing the sad news.

Develop a strategy for the Wii's next product life cycle phase Research Paper

Develop a strategy for the Wii's next product life cycle phase - Research Paper Example The Wii was launched into a gaming market dominated by two major players, Sony’s PlayStation 3 and Microsoft’s Xbox 360. With two bid incumbents, Wii would have found it difficult to penetrate their market directly, thus it adopted a new strategy called â€Å"competing against non-consumption† (Scott Para 1). By doing this the Wii effectively positioned its product where the competitive forces were weakest (Porter 2). Scott (para 2) elaborates that whereas Sony and Microsoft were concentrated on differentiating their products in terms of providing cutting-edge game play to demanding customers, Wii focused on reaching new customers segments. Wii’s success and entry into the maturity phase can be supported by its global sales. A look at video games sales charts such as VGChartz.com shows the Wii taking the top 5 slots in weekly sales worldwide on the week ending June 25, 2011 (â€Å"Worldwide Weekly Chart, Week Ending 25th Jun 2011†). So is th e Wii now a BCG model cash cow? According to the BCG model, a cash cow is a product that is in a position of high market share in a mature market. However, from our analysis the Wii’s market growth strategy of competing against non-consumption manifested that the gaming market is yet to reach its maturity given that there are new consumer segments that can be developed.

The Effects of The American Civil War Research Paper

The Effects of The American Civil War - Research Paper Example For four consecutive years, the confederate soldiers fought and battled with the union soldiers. The war that is regarded as the bloodiest war in the history of America cannot be swept under the carpet. The depth of loss was felt by both these two sides. The loss of lives and the destroyed infrastructure took the United States several steps back. The immense and sheer number of deaths and tragedy that was brought by the civil war remains as a constant reminder to the American people as a profound insight of the past that they have seen. The economic, psychological and social impacts of the war went on to redefine what the future of the American people.Proclaiming the freedom of slaves and creating national unity was the hardest role that the American government had to play after the recovery from war. A more detailed analysis of the American civil war points to the start of the war being at the 1860 presidential election. The republicans who were led by Abraham Lincoln were not for t he idea of expansion of slavery into the United States territories. After the republicans won and their anti-slavery campaign looked as though it would be successful, seven slave states that were being run of cotton based economies came together right before the inauguration of the president and formed a confederacy that would fight against the anti- slavery campaign. The confederacy was mainly against the idea of the fact that their source of labor for their cotton plantations would have to be paid for (Parish, p. 103).

Legitimate Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Legitimate Abortion - Essay Example Remaining to be both human and existing must be sufficient enough (Francome, C. (1984), p. 113). This classification would not understandably necessitate that every abortions would be unlawful, however it would alter the focal point of the argument towards the other concerns which we are habituated to be bearing in mind when we argue the authenticity of taking an individual's life. For instance, is the killing warranted by protection of another being or self-protection Has the sufferer said-so Otherwise, as we generally regard as in the situation of "brain deceased" citizens, would the sufferer permit if she or he contains the capacity to converse with us The exercise of intimidation, supported by sadistic force, is the essential feature of governments. Several other individuals use violence as well as coercion, evidently, nevertheless governments comprises domination when it approaches towards the "rightful" application of these performances. Each law is eventually a danger to do mischief to those who may desire to infringe that rule. Once there is no require for that danger, there is no must for the rule. Libertarians aim to minimize the hazard of governmental aggression and cruelty, while utilizing administration itself to decrease the threat of aggression and cruelty from other individual. Distinction from anarchists, libertarians distinguishes that government comprise a priceless role in the social order: to shield and begin individual freedom (Choices (1999), p. 57). What every one of these illogical principles has for being an individual have shared is that they necessitate something further than just being animate but to be a human being. On the occasion we recognize that principle, the potential for cruelty are everlasting. Governments may justify the rejection of freedom and existence simply by shifting the random description of who is an individual with who is not. Indeed, history educates us that the administrations are brilliant at that nature of things. Part II: Anti-thesis The disagreement in support of legitimate abortion relies profoundly on prejudiced definitions

Jebediah Springfield Paper Essay Example for Free

Jebediah Springfield Paper Essay Did you know that the annual celebration of the founding of Springfield brings all the people of Springfield together and raises the overall happiness levels of Springfield by over 65%? This may show why Lisa Simpson should not tell the truth about Jebediah Springfield to the people of Springfield. The reason why Lisa Simpson should not tell the truth about Jebediah Springfield to the people of Springfield is because it would cause an uproar, and ruin the holiday and therefore the happiness of the people. Lisa Simpson should not tell the truth about of Jebediah Springfield to the people of Springfield because it would cause an uproar. For example all the people that were celebrating the holiday would be out raged if they heard that their beloved hero, Jebediah Springfield was in fact a bloodthirsty pirate and enemy of George Washington named Hans Sprungfeld. This proves that the people of Springfield would be angry because they would be thrown into a different reality in which Jebediah Springfield is a fraud. Granted there will be some people who are open to this idea and are not furious because maybe they had a hunch that there was something odd about Jebediah Springfield and his story. Quite simply that would be prospectus for someone to be open to such an idea. It would be the equivalent of saying that Benjamin Franklin was a pirate or a murderous thief. Lisa Simpson should not tell the truth about Jebediah Springfield to the people of Springfield because it would cause an uproar. Lisa Simpson should not tell the truth about Jebediah Springfield to the people of Springfield because it would ruin the holiday and therefore the happiness of the people. For example in the episode it show many of the townsfolk celebrating and showing their support for Jebediah Springfield and they all seem to be very happy. This proves my point of saying that the holiday brings happiness and celebration to the people and also brings them all together. It is true that some people such as Hollis Hurlbut know the truth and do not celebrate the holiday because they know Jebediah Springfield was a fraud. Also if one person such as Hollis Hurlbut knows the truth other must know too. However, the number of people who know the truth must be small do to the fact that there were large amounts of people celebrating in the streets of Springfield on the holiday. Lisa Simpson should not tell the truth about of Jebediah Springfield to the people of Springfield because it would ruin the holiday and therefore the happiness of the people. In summary the reason why Lisa Simpson should not tell the truth about Jebediah Springfield to the people of Springfield is because it would cause an uproar, and ruin the holiday and therefore the happiness of the people. Think would you want someone to tell you that all the events that happened on July 4, 1776 were all a hoax and that you’ve been celebrating a sham for your whole life. Even if it were true would you really want to know?

The interactional nature of suspended clause constructions in Japanese

In spoken Japanese, subordinate clauses often occur without their main clauses. Ohori (1995; 1997) called them suspended clause constructions (SCCs) and formulated that a SCC occurs when â€Å"the intended message is either contextually inferable or conventionalized.† However, it is not very clear when and how the conversational participants know whether the intended message is contextually inferable (or conventionalized) or not, since a SCC and a â€Å"non-suspended version† of subordinate clause are not totally distinct category. Therefore, in order to consider the motivation for SCCs, we need to look carefully at the details of the process of producing SCCs. Based on the corpus analysis on naturally occurring conversational recordings, I propose to modify Ohori’s formulation from the Interactional Linguistic point of view. 1 Introduction It has been widely known that, in spoken Japanese, subordinate clauses (e.g. kedo- /kara- /node- /noni- clauses) often occur without their main clauses (Martin, 1975; Hinds, 1986). While they are syntactically incomplete, they comprise a complete utterance. For example, in (1), speaker A uses a kedo (‘though,’ ‘but’) clause without its main clause. Ohori (1995; 1997) argued that such patterns can be seen as independent grammatical constructions in the sense of Fillmore et al. (1988) and called them suspended clause constructions (SCCs). Answering to a question of â€Å"under what conditions can a clause ‘marked for subordination’ not be accompanied by a following main clause?† (pp.201-202), Ohori (1995) formulated that a SCC occurs when â€Å"the intended message is either contextually inferable or conventionalized† (p.213). From the Construction Grammarians’ point of view, Ohori (1995:216) argued tha... ...r when and how the conversational participants know whether the intended message is contextually inferable (or conventionalized) or not, since a SCC and a â€Å"non-suspended version† of subordinate clause are not totally distinct category. Therefore, in order to consider the motivation for SCCs, we need to look carefully at the details of the process of producing SCCs. Based on the corpus analysis on naturally occurring conversational recordings, I found that it cannot be predetermined whether an subordinate clause is a SCC or not. Rather, SCCs are realized retrospectively as a result of interactive negotiation among conversational participants. Thus, I propose to modify Ohori’s formulation as follows: a SCC occurs when the fact that the intended message is either contextually inferable or conventionalized is interactionally observable by the participants’ behavior.

Proton Radiography Essay example -- Nuclear Science

The purpose of this project is to compare radiation imaging simulations of protons to X-rays. In this project proton radiography is proposed as an alternative diagnostic method for the nuclear stockpile. The basis of this project is the use of proton radiography for implosion tests. In any nuclear weapon, implosion geometry is crucial. Implosion tests are needed to ensure that the weapons will perform as expected after years of storage. These tests also help validate computer simulations of nuclear weapon performance. The underground nuclear test ban treaty of 19631 makes confirmation of computer simulations vital to stockpile stewardship. In an implosion test a full-scale weapon mock-up is designed and created using a surrogate metal that has similar mechanical properties to those of the fissile material but cannot produce nuclear reactions. During an implosion, shock waves' high pressures and hot temperatures will cause the solid materials present to flow like liquids. Liquid behav ior can be described by hydrodynamic equations; implosion tests are often called hydro-tests2 in industry. During the Manhattan Project, scientists took snapshots of imploding mock-ups with intense flashes of high-energy x-rays. In 1995 Los Alamos physicist Chris Morris2 developed a way to use protons instead of x-rays for hydro-test radiography. Proton Radiography has many benefits some of which will be discussed in this report. Background Radiography is the production of an image on a radiosensitive surface, such as a photographic film, by radiation other than visible light i.e. radiograph.3 During radiography beams are used to view a material with non-uniform composition. A beam of X-rays is produced by an X-ray generator and is projected towar... ... use of dose cards to compare the dose for each particle to image at various energies. Running the simulation several times with various materials such as Plutonium at compressed densities would also prove more applicable to use for hydro-testing. Works Cited 1. Court, Edward C. Snow and John D. "Radiography Image Detector Capability in MCNP4B." Trans. Am. Nucl Soc. ((1998)): 79, 99. 2. Fishbone, Brian. "shaper X-ray vision for hydrotests." Los Alamos research quarterly . http://www.lanl.gov/quarterly/q_w03/pro_rad.shtml. 3. http://www.state.gov/www/global/arms/treaties/ltbt1.html. "Partial Test Ban Treaty." 1963. 4. Koehler, A.M. "Proton Radiography." Science (1968): 160(3825): p. 303-304. 5. Wolbarst, Anthony B. Looking within: how X-ray, CT, MRI, ultrasound, and other medical images are created . London England: University California Press, 1990.

Apush Notes: Great Depression

A. The Great Depression was caused by an economic system out of balance. There was too much supply with little demand. This situation was created by monopoly pricing, unsound banking practices, overproduction, high tariffs, and tightening of money supply by Federal Reserve Board. B. A slump in economic activity with over speculation in stock and buying stocks on margin caused the stock market to crash in October 1929. The stock market crash marked the beginning of Great Depression. C.The Depression was characterized by high unemployment, foreclosures on homes, farms and businesses, closing of banks, and the drying up of credit, low purchasing power, and hunger. Many people grew concern that capitalism had failed and democracy couldn’t provide solutions to problems. D. President Hoover, a strong advocate of â€Å"rugged individualism† believed in minimal government interference to deal with Depression. He based his policy upon supplying optimism, expanding works, and loa ning money and struggling banks.E. In 1932 summer, 20000 impoverished veterans from the First World War marched on Washington demanding early payment of a financial bonus that was due in 1945. After the bonus failed in Congress, President Hoover ordered the US army to evacuate the marching veterans from DC. The army, led by Douglas MacArthur, drove the veterans out. The armies’ handling the Bonus March ended Hoover’s chance for reelection and fostered a growing fear of revolution in America. F.President Hoover and his Republicans were blamed for Depression in election of 1932. Franklin Roosevelt was elected president, promising to save capitalism, help common man, and to provide work. Roosevelt was vague on his plans, except he would try anything. G. FDR’s plan to get nation out of Depression was called the New Deal. New Deal had policies of relief for the poor, recovery from Depression, and reform of the economic system. The first New Deal as passed during the first 100 days of his presidency.The left wing of politics liked the idea and passed the idea through Congress. Economy fell back into recession. Black Tuesday The day the stock market crashed. No buyers. Rugged individualism Social outlook promoting one’s goals and desires of independence. Hooverville This name was based on Hoover’s blame for depression. Families lost their homes because they couldn’t pay mortgages. Hawley-Smoot Tariff, 1930 Tax increase by Republican congress.Purpose was to satisfy US business leaders who a higher tariff would protect their markets from foreign competition. In retaliation, European countries made higher tariffs against US goods which reduced trade. Reconstruction Finance Corporation To prop up faltering railroads, banks, life insurance companies, and other financial institutions. Emergency loans would stabilize these businesses. The benefits would go down to smaller businesses and bring recovery. Democrats scoffed at this meas ure, saying it would only help the rich.

The sonnet structure Essays

The sonnet structure Essays The sonnet structure Paper The sonnet structure Paper Edna St. Vincent Millays I will put Chaos into 14 lines sonnet is very vague on the surface. If you dig deeper, there could be a variety of interpretations. One interpretation is that this sonnet could be about a man. Him is referred to constantly throughout the sonnet. If you go with that theory, then the sonnet would be about a relationship with the man who seems chaotic to the narrator. The I is trying desperately to make some sense of him. Her goal is to make him good (14). That is only one possible argument, which could be argued, based on textual clues. The more likely interpretation is that this sonnet is about writing a sonnet. What helps lead the reader to that conclusion is evidence from the first line: I will put Chaos into fourteen lines (1). Fourteen lines is typically the length of a sonnet, and this particular sonnet is 14 lines. Now that we know what this particular sonnet is about, what does Millay have to say about writing sonnets and how does she say it? These questions will be explored in this paper. The first step is to look at the sonnet structure itself. This is a Petrarchan sonnet and follows the typical structure for this form. There is an octave, sestet and there is a rhyming scheme. The octave follows the typical rhyming scheme of ABBAABBA. The rhyme scheme in the sestet is CDCDCD and is a variation to the typical rhyme scheme. What lips my lips have kissed, and where and why is another Millay sonnet that follows the Petrarchan form and again has the slight variation in rhyming scheme which is CDEDCE in the sestet. The octave forms the question and the goal of the sonnet while the sestet addresses the question and attempts to resolve or comment on it. The overall structure of the sonnet can be quite rigid in the point of view of the poet who has to create based on these restrictions. The poet has to come up with a question and resolution. Poets also have to come up with words that follow a particular rhyme scheme. Creating a sonnet can seem like a difficult task. This is what Millay is struggling with in the beginning of I will put Chaos into 14 lines. I will put Chaos into 14 lines can be called a sonnet based on the criteria above. The octave sets the goal of the sonnet, and the particular goal of this sonnet is to put Chaos into 14 lines (1). That is what the writer does in the octave. He escapes and flood, fire, and demon (4) are released in the next line. Chaos is finally caught in the strict confines/ Of this sweet order (5-6). At the end of the octave Chaos mingles and combines with the order. Now that the goal of the octave has been set up, the sestet can attempt to resolve the goal. The resolution is that now that Chaos and Order have intermingled, the writer can finish the sonnet. The turn in the sonnet comes in the sestet when the writer proclaims that I have him. (11). The writer has been successful in putting the Chaos into 14 lines (1). What is the Chaos that the poet mentions in the first line? The chaos is referred to as him in the second line. Him is usually a pronoun for man. This again refers to the possible interpretation in the introduction. The him brings up an image of a man and since its a woman poet, the idea of a relationship emerges. Knowing that this sonnet is about writing a sonnet, a different interpretation emerges. Him could possibly refer to a muse since they are sources of inspiration. This muse is also the cause of the Chaos. The poets muse has been released on this sonnet and ideas are starting to form. Some of her early ideas are flood, fire and demon (4). Her muse releases these chaotic elements, but they do not work within the confines of the sonnet structure. What happens next is that the Chaos is trapped by the sonnet: his adroit designs / Will strain to nothing in the strict confines / of this sweet order (4-6). His adroit designs were the flood, fire and demon (4). Those were previous ideas that now do not work because they are trapped within the confines of the sonnet structure. The structure of the sonnet is also seen as sweet order. The sonnet structure can be confining in the fact that the poet needs an octave, sestet and rhyming scheme. These sonnet elements can bring some order to the Chaos. The poet knows that she needs to utilize these elements in her sonnet. They bring some order to the Chaos of her thoughts and ideas. As mentioned previously him represents a man. So why is this pronoun used through the sonnet? The idea of him as a muse also seems erotic since it creates an image of a relationship. Him eventually becomes caught and combined with Order. Why is this relationship between Chaos and Order significant? Its important because it adds another dimension to the sonnet. It adds the image of the relationship. Keeping in mind that this is a sonnet about writing a sonnet, the relationship image adds some insight into the writer. The Chaos is her muse and the Order is the sonnet structure. The Chaos that is her muse and ideas, is the one in control at the beginning of the poem. Then the Order of the sonnet structure gains the control and the writer is about to finish the task that she set out to accomplish. The Chaos and the Order play against each other and in the end they come together to create this sonnet. Millay has accomplished what she set out to do in this sonnet. She has successfully written a sonnet about the writing process. She has written the sonnet with in the confines of the sonnet structure. She has been a slave to her muse but she has conquered it in the end. Her ideas about writing have been captured in this sonnet. She has been successful in her goal.

Eisntein and Religion essays

Eisntein and Religion essays Thinking about religion can often be a complex task. The same can be said about science. I think that in his Ideas and Opinions Albert Einstein does both effectively. After reading the selections on religion I was delighted to find someone who thought of religion in terms of logic. I also enjoyed Einsteins use of rational thinking to interpret the facts about religion. My interpretation of Einsteins views on religion is that he was correct in his thinking. I agree wholeheartedly with the majority of his opinions and ideas about religion. After reading the selections on religion I also felt that Einstein had not only given his opinion but had also said some profound truths about religion and science. The first idea that enlightened me from this section of Einstein was the idea that the primitive form of religion was bred of fear, Fear that evokes religious notions (Einstein 36). I think that many times when religion is discussed, it is always discussed with the preconceived notions of the time and is rarely examined from its roots in history. Leave it to a scientist to look at religion rationally instead of emotionally. This examination of religion appeals to me most. I agree with his examination of the different types of religious feeling, from fear to moral, and then on to the cosmic. It is this cosmic or the undefined feeling that I find to be most eloquently expressed. He takes an abstract thought and places it into a logical and rational station. This is amazing. Mostly because I can see his thought patterns and understand how he came up with his great theories that were so abstract and had the genius to put them into rational terms. I personally feel a great deal of thought is lost because it is not put in terms that are rational enough, a common occurrence in intellectual thought. The next idea of Einsteins that I found thought provoking was his assertion that S ...

Sampling Techniques and Data Analysis Essay Example

Sampling Techniques and Data Analysis Essay Example Sampling Techniques and Data Analysis Essay Sampling Techniques and Data Analysis Essay Polytechnic University of the Philippines College of Economics, Finance and Politics DEPARTMENT OF BANKING AND FINANCE Sta. Mesa, Manila SAMPLING TEACHNIQUES and DATA ANALYSIS Submitted by: Jayson A. Enabia Rechelle Ann V. Elon Lobelyne Elago Monica Mae R. Flores April Mariz Francisco BBF 4-10n TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction1 Methods of Collecting Data Interview method1 Questionnaire Method2 Empirical Observation Method4 Test Method5 Registration Method5 Mechanical Devices5 Sampling Techniques6 Random Sampling6 Systematic Sampling7 Purposive Sampling7 Quota Sampling8 Convenience Sampling8 Organization and Presentation of Data8 Data Analysis12 Introduction There is no formula for selecting the best method to be used when generating data. It depends on the researcher’s design of the study, the type of data,the time allotment to complete the study and the researcher’s financial capacity. Data Collection is an important aspect of any type of research study. Inaccurate data collection can impact the results of a study and ultimately lead to invalid results. METHODS OF COLLECTING DATA INTERVIEW METHOD This method of collecting data involves presentation or oral-verbal stimuli and reply in terms of oral-verbal responses. There are different types of interview methods namely: a. PERSONAL INTERVIEW The interviewer asks questions generally in a face to face contact to the other person. b. TELEPHONIC INTERVIEW It is use when it is not possible to contact the respondent directly c. STRUCTURED INTERVIEW It follows a set of questions to be asked to the interviewer. d. UNSTRUCTURED INTERVIEW o predetermined questions are asked, in order to remain as open and adaptable as possible to the interviewee’s nature and priorities; during the interview the interviewer â€Å"goes with the flow†. e. FOCUSED INTERVIEW Attention is focused on the given experience of the respondent and its possible effects f. CLINICAL INTERVIEW It is concerned with broad underlying feelings or motivations with the course of individual’s life experience, ra ther than with the effects of the specific experience. g. GROUP INTERVIEW A group of individuals are being interviewed. h. INDIVIDUAL INTERVIEW An interviewer meets a single person and interviews him. i. SELECTION INTERVIEW It is done for the selection of people for certain jobs. QUESTIONNAIRE METHOD A questionnaire is a list of well: 1. Have you been convicted of any crime? Yes______ No______. If your answer is yes, go to the next question and if no proceed to question number 3. b. RECALL TYPE Example: a. age b. sex c. civil status d. length of stay in a community c. RECOGNITION TYPE Example: Which of the following figures is a square? d. DICHOTOMOUS TYPE Fixed: Are you in favor of REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH BILL? YES______ NO______ e. MULTIPLE: What causes night and day? A. The earth spins on its axis. B. The earth moves around the sun. C. Clouds block out the suns light. D. The earth moves into and out of the suns shadow. E. The sun goes around the earth. f. MULTIPLE: What computer games do you prefer to play? Encircle the numbers. 1. DOTA6. FarmVille 2. Special Force7. Black Point 3. Angry Birds8. Ragnarok 4. Plant vs. Zombie9. Flyff 5. Rotate and Roll10. Red Alert g. FREE: 1. How serious is the drug problem in your barangay? ____ very serious ____ serious ____ fairly serious ____not serious ____ not a problem 2. Attitude towards Mathematics In answering the question below, please refer to the verbal equivalent of the numbers used in the table. 1 = disagree2= slighty agree3= moderately agree 4=strongly agree I love mathematics |1 |2 |3 |4 | |I always like the subject since my elementary years |1 |2 |3 |4 | |I am always excited to attend my mathematics class |1 |2 |3 |4 | EMPIRICAL OBSERVATION METHOD The observation method is commonly used in psychological and anthropological studies. It is a method of obtaining data by seeing, hearing, testing, touching, and smelling. Through observation, additional information, which cannot be obtained using the other methods like the questionnaire, may be gathered. The observer may participate in the activities of the group being studied (participant observation) or he may just be a bystander (nonparticipant observation). When an observation is done in a laboratory, as in the case of experimental studies, the type of observation is called controlled observation. TEST METHOD ? Widely used in psychological research and psychiatry ? Used because of: Validity Reliability Usability Example: 1. Aptitude tests 2. IQ tests 3. Achievement tests REGISTRATION METHOD ? Commonly enforced by certain laws, ordinances or standard practices ? Very practical and inexpensive method of gathering data ? In this method, information are kept systematized and available to all because of the law’s requirement Example: 1. Data obtained from NSO: A researcher wants to know the average income of the families living in Barangay A which has 2,500 residents. Calculate the sample size the researcher will need if a 5% margin of error is allowed. Given:N= 2500 e=0. 05 Solution:2500/[1+2,500(0. 05^2)]= 345 families Random Sampling In this method, all members of the population have equal chances of being included in the study. This is applicable if the target population is not classified into different clusters, sections, levels, or classes. The method is easy to use, but not when the population is very large, say a thousand or more. a. Lottery Method It is the most common and the easiest method of random sampling. The names of the respondents will be written on small pieces of paper which will be rolled and placed in a jar. The respondents who will be included in the study will be those names are written on the pieces of paper that are picked at random from the jar. Systematic Sampling a. Stratified Random Sampling This method is applied when the population is divided into different classes wherein each class must be represented in the study. . Cluster Sampling When the geographical area where the study will be done is too big and the target population is too large, the cluster sampling technique may be appropriate. In this technique, the selection of sample units is not individuals but by groups of clusters. The area will be divided in clusters, then a desired number of clusters will be selected at random. Example: A d octor wants to make a nationwide study on the correlation between smoking and death rate. He decided to focus on the 13 regions of the country which can be considered as the clusters. If 3 of the 13 clusters or regions are the desired sample units, the names of the 13 clusters will be written on small pieces of paper, then three will be picked at random using the lottery method. All the residents of the selected three clusters will be included in the study. Purposive Sampling The respondents of the study will be chosen based on their knowledge of the information required by the researcher. Example: Suppose a researcher wants to make a historical study about Town A. the target population will be the senior citizens of the town since they are the most reliable persons who know the history of the town. If there are 2,000 senior citizens and a 3% margin of error is allowed the sample size will be 714. They will be chosen using any of the methods discussed previously Quota Sampling This technique is commonly used in opinion polls. Suppose a salesman is required to gather information as to the most common hair shampoo used by female Filipino clients. If he wants 2,000 sample units and he needs to do the survey within a short timetable, he can station himself at a public place, such as a park or a mall, then ask the females what shampoo they usually use. After meeting the required number of sample points, the researcher is through with his collection of data Convenience Sampling This technique is resorted to by researchers who need the information the fastest way possible. The telephone can be used to interview the respondents about their opinions on a certain issue. This method may be fast but it is also biased because those who have no telephones do not have a chance to be included in the study. Another example is the case of a teacher who makes a research which requires the inclusion of the students as respondents. Conveniently, the teacher may use his own students as respondents. PRESENTATION OF DATA Generally data are presented in the form of tables, graphs or charts. Tables and graphs (pictorial presentation of data) may simplify and clarify the research data. Tabular and graphic representation of data may take a number of forms, ranging from computer printouts to elaborate pictographs. The purpose of each table or graph, however, is to facilitate the summarization and communication of the meaning of the data. a. Table A table is a systematic arrangement of related statistical data in columns and rows with some predetermined aim or purpose. Example: There are 50 science and arts students in a college. The number of students from poor families is the same for each course and the total is 30. Whereas science and commerce courses are equally popular in rich familis, yet the number of rich art students is twicw as much. In all 40 students are from the rich families studying in the college. The majority of students are from middle class families and their number is 80. Types of tables Reference or general purpose tables- tables that are in a way a store of information with an aim of presenting detailed statistical materials. Generally we can derive smaller tables from it. Special Purpose or text tables- smaller tables that can be obtained from reference tables. It aimed to analyse a particular aspect to bring out a specific point. b. Graphs and Charts There are many types of graphs and charts that are commonly used for showing business reports. These are listed as follows. 1. Line graphs:  A line graph is a way of representing two pieces of information, which is usually related and vary with respect to each other. This is useful when comparisons are needed. e. g. [pic] 2. Pie Charts:  A pie chart is a type of a circle graph normally used in showcasing a wholesome quantity; we have to show that how this whole quantity is broken into parts. The whole quantity depicts entire sample space  and the pieces of pie in the circle graph are called sectors. [pic] 3. Bar Charts:  This is a type of chart, which contains labeled horizontal or vertical bars showing a piece of information and an axis. The numbers along the side of bar graph compose the axis. This is also called as a histogram; Bar Graph is useful when there is a numerical comparison. [pic] 4. Area Graphs:  These graphs are used to show how something changes with respect to time. An area graph shows the contribution of each data series in the form of a picture. [pic] 5. Waterfall Chart:  This is a type of chart, which shows an increase or decrease in a initial value. This contains floating vertical columns that shows the increase or decrease in a initial value through a series of intermediate steps leading to a final value. An invisible column keeps the increase or decrease related to the heights of the previous columns. [pic] 6. Polar Chart:  A Polar Chart is a circular chart in which data is displayed in terms of values and angles. This provides a mechanism to compare various qualitative and quantitative aspects of a situation graphically. o By using Polar Charts we can plot multiple data sets each with a single line with as many points as needed. o These are normally used in Engineering and modeling Industries. o A Polar Chart has two variables X and Y where X is plotted as an angle and Y is the radius. o In a Polar Chart the points are plotted in Polar coordinates rather than Cartesian coordinates. o In a Polar Chart the dataset having the maximum values covers the maximum area in the whole graph. The X and Y-axes can be used to demonstrate real world quantities. [pic] Analysis of data Analysis of data  is a process of inspecting, cleaning, transforming, and modeling  data  with the goal of highlighting useful  information, suggesting conclusions, and supporting decision making. Data analysis has multiple facets and approaches, encompassing diverse techniques under a variety of names, in different business, science, and social science domains. Data Analysis is the process of systematically applying statistical and/or logical techniques to describe and illustrate, condense and recap, and evaluate data. Data mining  is a particular data analysis technique that focuses on modeling and knowledge discovery for predictive rather than purely descriptive purposes. Data integration  is a precursor to data analysis, and data analysis is closely linked to  data visualization  and data dissemination. The term data analysis  is sometimes used as a synonym for  data modeling. Data cleaning is an important procedure during which the data are inspected, and erroneous data are if necessary, preferable, and possible corrected. Data cleaning can be done during the stage of data entry. If this is done, it is important that no subjective decisions are made. The most important distinction between the initial data analysis phase and the main analysis phase, is that during initial data analysis one refrains from any analysis that are aimed at answering the original research question. The initial data analysis phase is guided by the following four questions: Quality of data Quality of measurements Initial transformations Final stage of the initial data analysis Considerations/issues in data analysis There are a number of issues that researchers should be cognizant of with respect to data analysis. These include: Having the necessary skills to analyze Concurrently selecting data collection methods and appropriate analysis Drawing unbiased inference Inappropriate subgroup analysis Following acceptable norms for disciplines Determining statistical significance Lack of clearly defined and objective outcome measurements Providing honest and accurate analysis Manner of presenting data Environmental/contextual issues Data recording method Partitioning ‘text’ when analyzing qualitative data Training of staff conducting analyses Reliability and Validity Extent of analysis